Using Microsoft Access or Excel as the datapool

Normally we use to import a .csv file to use as datapool in the RFT.But as this tool uses all the features available in java so we can use also use Microsoft Access or Microsoft EXcel as the database.For doing this we just need to make a JDBC ODBC connection.
We can do all this in following way.
1)First go to control panel->Administrative Tools->Data Sources(ODBC)
2)Then in the User Dsn tab click add button and add a driver for access or excel and name it MyDsn.
3)select the path where you have put your .mdb or .xls file
After that we just need to use this program to connect to datasource .
Java Program for connection to the Microsoft Access database.
import java.sql.*;
public class TestConnection {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection con=null;
try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:MyDSN");
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE");
// for inserting rows
// int count =stmt.executeUpdate("insert into EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME) values('Rahul','PERERA')");
while(rs.next())
{
int EMP_ID=rs.getInt(1);
String FIRST_NAME=rs.getString(2);
String LAST_NAME= rs.getString(3);
System.out.print(EMP_ID+"\t"+FIRST_NAME+"\t"+LAST_NAME);
}
catch (Exception e){}
finally{
try{
con.close();
}
catch(SQLException e){}
}
}
}

ISTQB certification exam sample Questions-part2

1We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
a) Each test stage has a different purpose.
b) It is easier to manage testing in stages.
c) We can run different tests in different environments.
d) The more stages we have, the better the testing.

2 Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
a) Regression testing
b) Integration testing
c) System testing
d) User acceptance testing
3 Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a) A minimal test set that achieves 100% LCSAJ coverage will also achieve 100% branch coverage.
b) A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will also achieve 100% statement coverage.
c) A minimal test set that achieves 100% path coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% statement coverage.
d) A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage.
4 Which of the following requirements is testable?
a) The system shall be user friendly.
b) The safety-critical parts of the system shall contain 0 faults.
c) The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
d) The system shall be built to be portable.
5 Analyse the following highly simplified procedure:
Ask: “What type of ticket do you require, single or return?”
IF the customer wants ‘return’
Ask: “What rate, Standard or Cheap-day?”
IF the customer replies ‘Cheap-day’
Say: “That will be £11:20”
ELSE
Say: “That will be £19:50”
ENDIF
ELSE
Say: “That will be £9:75”
ENDIF
Now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all
the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all
replies given.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
6 Error guessing:
a) supplements formal test design techniques.
b) can only be used in component, integration and system testing.
c) is only performed in user acceptance testing.
d) is not repeatable and should not be used.
7 Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
a) Test coverage criteria can be measured in terms of items exercised by a test suite.
b) A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of user requirements covered.
c) A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
d) Test coverage criteria are often used when specifying test completion criteria.
8 In prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to:
a) find as many faults as possible.
b) test high risk areas.
c) obtain good test coverage.
d) test whatever is easiest to test.
9 Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets?
v – test control
w – test monitoring
x - test estimation
y - incident management
z - configuration control

1 - calculation of required test resources
2 - maintenance of record of test results
3 - re-allocation of resources when tests overrun
4 - report on deviation from test plan
5 - tracking of anomalous test results

a) v-3,w-2,x-1,y-5,z-4
b) v-2,w-5,x-1,y-4,z-3
c) v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
d) v-2,w-1,x-4,y-3,z-5
10 Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
a) System tests are often performed by independent teams.
b) Functional testing is used more than structural testing.
c) Faults found during system tests can be very expensive to fix.
d) End-users should be involved in system tests.
11 Which of the following is false?
a) Incidents should always be fixed.
b) An incident occurs when expected and actual results differ.
c) Incidents can be analysed to assist in test process improvement.
d) An incident can be raised against documentation.
12 Enough testing has been performed when:
a) time runs out.
b) the required level of confidence has been achieved.
c) no more faults are found.
d) the users won’t find any serious faults.
13 Which of the following is NOT true of incidents?
a) Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
b) Incidents may be raised against user requirements.
c) Incidents require investigation and/or correction.
d) Incidents are raised when expected and actual results differ.
14 Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
a) syntax testing
b) equivalence partitioning
c) stress testing
d) modified condition/decision coverage
15 Which of the following is false?
a) In a system two different failures may have different severities.
b) A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
c) A fault need not affect the reliability of a system.
d) Undetected errors may lead to faults and eventually to incorrect behaviour.
16 Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT correct?
a) They are used to support multi-user testing.
b) They are used to capture and animate user requirements.
c) They are the most frequently purchased types of CAST tool.
d) They capture aspects of user behaviour.
17 How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
a) Metrics from previous similar projects
b) Discussions with the development team
c) Time allocated for regression testing
d) a & b
18 Which of the following is true of the V-model?
a) It states that modules are tested against user requirements.
b) It only models the testing phase.
c) It specifies the test techniques to be used.
d) It includes the verification of designs.
19 The oracle assumption:
a) is that there is some existing system against which test output may be checked.
b) is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
c) is that the tester knows everything about the software under test.
d) is that the tests are reviewed by experienced testers.
20 Which of the following characterises the cost of faults?
a) They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases.
b) They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then.
c) Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then.
d) Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix then.
21 Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
a) To find faults in the software.
b) To assess whether the software is ready for release.
c) To demonstrate that the software doesn’t work.
d) To prove that the software is correct.
22 Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
a) Boundary value analysis
b) Usability testing
c) Performance testing
d) Security testing
23 Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
a) Features to be tested
b) Incident reports
c) Risks
d) Schedule
24 Which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of CAST?
a) Test management
b) Test design
c) Test execution
d) Test planning
25 Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
a) Statement testing
b) Path testing
c) Data flow testing
d) State transition testing
26 Data flow analysis studies:
a) possible communications bottlenecks in a program.
b) the rate of change of data values as a program executes.
c) the use of data on paths through the code.
d) the intrinsic complexity of the code.
27 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%The next £28000 is taxed at
22%Any further amount is taxed at 40%To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?
a) £1500
b) £32001
c) £33501
d) £28000
28 An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
a) enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
b) can be performed by the person who wrote the code.
c) can be performed by inexperienced staff.
d) are cheap to perform.
29 Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts?
a) Actual results
b) Program specification
c) User requirements
d) System specification
30 What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
a) An inspection is lead by the author, whilst a walkthrough is lead by a trained moderator.
b) An inspection has a trained leader, whilst a walkthrough has no leader.
c) Authors are not present during inspections, whilst they are during walkthroughs.
d) A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator.
31 Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
a) It allows the identification of changes in user requirements.
b) It facilitates timely set up of the test environment.
c) It reduces defect multiplication.
d) It allows testers to become involved early in the project.
32 Integration testing in the small:
a) tests the individual components that have been developed.
b) tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
c) only uses components that form part of the live system.
d) tests interfaces to other systems.
33 Static analysis is best described as:
a) the analysis of batch programs.
b) the reviewing of test plans.
c) the analysis of program code.
d) the use of black box testing.
34 Alpha testing is:
a) post-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site.
b) the first testing that is performed.
c) pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer’s site.
d) pre-release testing by end user representatives at their sites.
35 A failure is:
a) found in the software; the result of an error.
b) departure from specified behaviour.
c) an incorrect step, process or data definition in a computer program.
d) a human action that produces an incorrect result.
36 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%The next £28000 is taxed at
22%Any further amount is taxed at 40%Which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
a) £4800; £14000; £28000
b) £5200; £5500; £28000
c) £28001; £32000; £35000
d) £5800; £28000; £32000
37 The most important thing about early test design is that it:
a) makes test preparation easier.
b) means inspections are not required.
c) can prevent fault multiplication.
d) will find all faults.
38 Which of the following statements about reviews is true?
a) Reviews cannot be performed on user requirements specifications.
b) Reviews are the least effective way of testing code.
c) Reviews are unlikely to find faults in test plans.
d) Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
39 Test cases are designed during:
a) test recording.
b) test planning.
c) test configuration.
d) test specification.
40 A configuration management system would NOT normally provide:
a) linkage of customer requirements to version numbers.
b) facilities to compare test results with expected results.
c) the precise differences in versions of software component source code.
d) restricted access to the source code library.


Question number
Correct answer
1 A
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 A
6 A
7 C
8 B
9 C
10D
11A
12B
13A
14C
15B
16B
17D
18D
19B
20A
21D
22A
23B
24C
25D
26C
27C
28A
29C
30D
31C
32B
33C
34C
35B
36D
37C
38D
39D
40B

Sample Questions for ISTQB Certification

1. Software testing activities should start
a. as soon as the code is written
b. during the design stage
c. when the requirements have been formally documented
d. as soon as possible in the development lifecycle
2. Faults found by users are due to:
a. poor quality software
b. poor software and poor testing
c. bad luck
d. insufficient time for testing
3. What is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
a. to show that the system will work after release
b. to decide when the software is of sufficient quality to release
c. to find as many bugs as possible before release
d. to give information for a risk-based decision about release
e. to use up the time between the end of development and release
4. Which of the following statements is not true:
a. Performance testing can be done during unit testing as well as during the testing of the
whole system.
b. The acceptance test does not necessarily include a regression test.
c. Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, Inspection, etc).
d. Test environments should be as similar to production environments as possible.
5. When reporting faults found to developers, testers should be:
a. as polite, constructive and helpful as possible
b. firm about insisting that a bug is not a "feature" if it should be fixed
c. diplomatic, sensitive to the way they may react to criticism
d. subservient, after all the developers know what they are doing
e. a, b and c above
6. In which order should tests be run?
a. the most important tests first
b. the most difficult tests first (to allow maximum time for fixing)
c. the easiest tests first (to give initial confidence)
d. the order they are thought of
7. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. Why?
a. the documentation is poor, so it takes longer to find out what the software is doing.
b. wages are rising
c. the fault has been built in to more documentation, code, tests, etc.
d. none of the above
8. Which is not true - The black box tester
a. should be able to understand a functional specification or requirements document
b. should be able to understand the source code
c. is highly motivated to find faults
d. is creative to find the system's weaknesses
9. A test design technique is
a. a process for selecting test cases
b. a process for determining expected outputs
c. a way to measure the quality of software
d. a way to describe in a test plan what has to be done
e. all of the above
10. Testware (test cases, test data, etc.)
a. needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
b. should be newly constructed for each new version of the software
c. is needed only until the software is released into production or use
d. does not need to be documented and commented, as it does not form part of the released
software system
11. An incident logging system
a. only records defects
b. is of limited value
c. is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
d. should be used only by the test team
12. Increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed
for testing (the testing phases) by:
a. reducing test time
b. no change
c. increasing test time
13. Coverage measurement
a. is nothing to do with testing
b. is a partial measure of test thoroughness
c. branch coverage should be mandatory for all software
d. can only be applied at unit or module testing, not at system testing
14. When should you stop testing?
a. when time for testing has run out
b. when all planned tests have been run
c. when the test completion criteria have been met
d. when no faults have been found by the tests run
e. when the software is proven perfect
15. Which of the following is true?
a. component testing should be black box, system testing should be white box
b. if you find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of
the software.
c. if you do a lot of testing, you should be confident about the quality of the software.
d. the fewer bugs you find, the better your testing was
e. the more tests you run, the more bugs you will find
f. none of the above
16. What is the most important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
a. how well you know a particular technique
b. the objective of the test
c. how appropriate the technique is for testing the application
d. whether there is a tool to support the technique.
17. If the pseudocode below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve
100% statement coverage?
1. If x=3 then
2. Display_messageX;
3. If y=2 then
4. Display_messageY;
5. Else
6. Display_messageZ;
7. Else
8. Display_messageZ;
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
18. Using the same code example as question 17, how many tests are required to achieve 100%
branch/decision coverage?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
19. Which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test?
a. State-Transition
b. Usability
c. Performance
d. Security
20. Which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
a. Static analysis
b. Coverage analysis
c. Dynamic analysis
d. Memory analysis.
21. Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing?
a. IEEE 829
b. IEEE 610
c. BS7925-1
d. BS7925-2
22. Which of the following is the component test standard?
a. IEEE 829
b. IEEE 610
c. BS7925-1
d. BS7925-2
23. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Faults in program specifications are the most expensive to fix.
b. Faults in code are the most expensive to fix.
c. Faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix.
d. Faults in designs are the most expensive to fix.
24. Which of the following is NOT an integration strategy?
a. Design-based
b. Big-bang
c. Bottom-up
d. Top-down
25. Which of the following is a black box test design technique?
a. statement testing
b. equivalence part itioning
c. error-guessing
d. usability testing
26. A program with high cyclomatic complexity is most likely to be:
a. Large
b. Small
c. Difficult to write
d. Difficult to test
27. Which of the following is a static test?
a. code inspection
b. coverage analysis
c. usability assessment
d. installation test
28. Which of the following is the odd one out?
a. white box
b. glass box
c. structural
d. functional
29. A program validates a numeric field as follows:
Values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or
equal to 22 are rejected.
Which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
a. 10, 11, 21
b. 3, 20, 21
c. 3, 10, 22
d. 10, 21, 22
30. Using the same specification as question 29, which of the following covers the MOST boundary
values?
a. 9, 10, 11, 22
b. 9, 10, 21, 22
c. 10, 11, 21, 22
d. 10, 11, 20, 21

RFT certification (IBM 000-842)Sample Questions

Question: 1
How do you start the application under test?
A - use the Windows Start menu
B - simply begin recording
C - open a command line and start the application by typing its name
D - click the Start Application button on the recording toolbar
Answer: D

Question: 2
What can be tested when recording a verification point?
A - an objects data only
B - an objects data or properties only
C - whether or not the object is working
D - an objects data, properties, or existence
Answer: D

Question: 3
While recording a script, the recording monitor _____.
A - appears at the conclusion of recording
B - is only displayed on the toolbar
C - does not appear
D - displays a message for each action
Answer: D

Question: 4
What can you use to select an object as a verification point?
A - the object finder, the object picker, or the object browser
B - the main object browser, the test object browser, or the extra object browser
C - the object finder, the test object browser, or the delay method
D - the delay method1 the scripting method, or the pointer method
Answer: C

Question: 5
How do you stop recording?
A - click the Stop Recording button on the recording toolbar
B - end the application under test
C - close RFT
D - close the recording monitor
Answer: A

Question: 6
A recording is started by:
A - Entering script_record on the command line
B - creating a script and then pressing the record button in the RFT application
C - starting the application under test
D - Starting RFT
Answer: B

Question: 7
What must you do to view a comparator of a failed verification point from an RFT text log?
A - open a web browser and browse to open the file: \
\\.rftvd for the verification point you want to view
B - right-click on the test log and select Failed Verification Points from the right-click menu, then
select the verification point you want to view
C - open the test log, right-click on the verification point line you want to view and select View
Results from the right-click menu
D - log results in another format since you cannot open a comparator from a text log
Answer: B
Question: 8
Given an existing TestManager Rational Test project, what are the steps to log results to
TestManager?
A - from TestManager, create a new Test Script Type for RFT, then from RFT, select the
Functional Test logging preferences to TestManager
B - from RFT, select the Functional Test logging preferences to TestManager, then select the
TestManager project when you run an RFT test
C - from RFT, associate the Rational Test Project with the RFT project, then select the Functional
Test logging preferences to TestManager
D - from the Rational Administrator, associate the RFT project to the Rational Test Project, then
from RFT, select the Functional Test logging preferences to TestManager
Answer: C
Question: 9
Out of the box, what are the different options for logging RFT tests?
A - HTML, text, custom, TestManager, and none
B - HTML, text, TPTP, TestManager, and none
C - TestManager, CQTM, TPTP, HTML, and none
D - HTML, PDF, text, TestManager, and none
Answer: B
Question: 10
Not including TestManager or custom logging, how can you organize RFT test results?
A - define and follow a naming convention for all test logs
B - define and follow a naming convention for all logs and log subfolders
C - create as many folders in the *_logs project as needed and drag logs into the appropriate
folders
D - create additional log projects which are associated with the primary RFT project, (for example,
_acceptance_logs)
Answer: A
Question: 11
How do you perform image verification in a test?
A - select Perform Image Verification Point from the Verification Point and Action Wizard
B - select the Perform Properties Verification Point from the Verification Point and Action Wizard,
then select only the .src or other property for the image
C - download and install the RFT Enhancement Pack plug-in from IBM Rational Support
D - download and install the Image Comparator for Rational Functional Tester 2003.06 utility from
developerWorks
Answer: D
Question: 12
What should the tester open to view Test Objects, Main Data Area and Recognition Data?
A - the test script
B - the test comparator
C - the object map
D - the log viewer
Answer: B

Question: 13
Which three actions are possible with RFT? (Choose three.)
A - use a wizard to substitute literals with datapool variables
B - substitute literals in verification points with datapool variables
C - create a datapool while recording a data-driven script
D - create scripts in c#
Answer: A, B, C

Question: 14
You must _____ a script with a datapool before substituting literal values in the script with
references to datapool variables.
A - share
B - associate
C - run
D - disassociate
Answer: B
Question: 15
When is the best time to use data-driven testing?
A - when the test only needs to be run once
B - when the test steps change based on the test input data
C - when the test must be run multiple times with different data
D - when the test requires a lot of manual data entry
Answer: C
Question: 16
Functional Tester allows you to import an external datapool from which of the following? (Choose
three.)
A - an external .csv file
B - another Functional Tester datapool
C - an existing TestManager datapool
D - an access (.mdb) file
Answer: A, B, C
Question: 17
What will the following CallScript do? CallScript (myScript, null, DP_ALL)
A - cause the script to run an infinite number of times
B - cause the script to iterate through the entire datapool
C - cause the script to run through 100 datapool values
D - cause myScript to always pass
Answer: B
Question: 18
What is one way to insert data-driven commands into the test script?
A - use the Insert Data Driven Commands button while recording
B - use the Insert Data Driven Commands button while executing
C - the commands are generated automatically while importing the datapool
D - use the super helper class after recording
Answer: A
Question: 19
What must you do before editing the datapool using an external application?
A - make it a public datapool
B - make it a private datapool
C - export it to a .csv file
D - import it from a .csv file
Answer: C
Question: 20
Which statement is true about an RFT test datapool?
A - It is exclusive for only one test script.
B - It is a collection of related data records.
C - It is automatically generated during script record.
D - It is a collection of related test scripts.
Answer: B

Rational Functional Tester

Rational Functional Tester is an automated regression testing tool that is used to test Java , .NET, terminal-based, and Web applications running on Windows® and Linux platforms.
With Functional Tester, test scripts are created for the purpose of retesting system functionality. With the functional tester scripts are recorded onc e and are amended according the test requirements. With every build of a new system, the scripts are executed to validate previously working functionality. Scripts are generally executed in an unattended mode, so it gives more time to the testing team to test other functionality of the system application.

Features of rational functional tester:
1) It uses object mapping technology while recording scripts that helps in finding the object even if the position of the object is changed in the next build.
2) we can record and playback our scripts on windows but can only linux we can only playback.
3)It uses datapool that helps us in using our scripts for a set of multiple data.

To start working with functional tester we need to do follow these steps:
1)Configuring the java runtime environment.
2)Configure the application for testing.
3)Create a test project.

Configuring the java runtime environment.

First of all we need to configure java JRE on our machine if we want to create scripts in java.

Configure the application for testing

we need to configure the Application that we want to test by selecting configure label on the menubar.then add the application by selecting the radiobutton.For the html application select html radio button and then add the url of the apllication.

Create a test project
A test project is the location where Functional Tester keeps all of your scripts, along with expected and actual results.In functional tester we can use java or .Net for recording the scripts.If you're using the Java language, proceed to Create a Java test project. If you're using Visual Basic.NET, proceed to Create a .NET test project.
1)First open the workspace where you want your tests to be recorded.
2) Select File > New > Functional Test Project to create a new project.
3) Name the project Testproject and click Finish to create your project.
4)Now you can record scripts related to the test project.

Recording Scripts:
1) Start your recording by selecting Script > Add Script Using Recorder...
You can also click on the red record button on the toolbar.
2.)Select script name as Test Script.
3) Click Finish to start recording. The scripting environment minimizes and
the recording toolbar appears.
4. Click Start Application on the recording toolbar that is the third icon from
the left, and looks like a window behind a green triangle.
5. Select the Application that you want to test.
6)Perform the actions on the application and the recorder will record your mouse and key movements and will generate a java code for those steps.
7)Click the stop button on recording toolbar when you are finished with your recording.
8)You can playback the recorded script to check whether it was recorded clearly or not.

Data Driven Testing:
This is the main feature of the automation testing tool that enables us to test the same part of the application for different set of data. From the Recording toolbar, drag the Insert Data Driven Commands icon over the object that you want to use for data driven testing and that object will be encased in a red square.

Datapools:To make your scripts to be used for a multiple set of data you can make your scripts datadriven and store that data into datapool.

1)Right click the project name that you have created and select Add Datapool.
2)Name the datapool and finish
3)Now you can import your csv file into the datapool .
4)check the box first value as variable name if you want your first row in datapool
To be the variable name so as to make it easy for future reference.
5)you can associate this datapool with any scripts under the project.

Verification Point:
With the verification point we can check the state of an object.In Functional tester we have two types of verification points.
1)Data verification point
2)Property Verification point

If we want to check some static or dynamic data in our application we can use data verification point for this purpose. For ex if we want to check the values in the combo box are right or not after the next build ,then for this purpose we can
1)Simply insert a verification point for the combo box.
2)select the combo box by the object finder button and it will be encased in a red box.
3)select perform data verification point and click finish.
4)Now all the values within the combo box have been captured and click finish.
5)This will create a baseline for the combo box. In the next build during playback it will check whether the values in the combo box are same as that in the baseline.

Similarly we can use verification point for checking the dynamic data .for ex-suppose a transaction no is generated for every transaction in the application an suppose it should be numeric every time , so in order to test this thing we can user patterns.

Logs: when our script is completely playback then logs are generated for the scripts by which we can know whether our run was pass or fail.we can save the logs in the HTMl,text or Test

Manager.

Verification and Validation

Verification: It is a process to define pre-define activity i.e.,( before testing process starts, check whether all relavent documents are prepared and ensure that standard which we create to meet the requirement) to prepare a application.
Validation: It is a process to test the apllication and deliver error free application.

Different Testing Terms

Unit testing:Testing the smallest unit.
Integration testing:testing the integration between modules.
System testing:Testing the system as a whole whether it meets the specification requirements .
User Acceptance Testing:This is the tesing done by actual users to determine whether the system satisfies the acceptance criteria or not.
Regression testing:Testing to check that while fixing some bugs some unintended bugs have not been introduced in the system.
Performance Testing: Testing the system whether it meets the specified performance requirements.
Usability Testing:Check the system whether it is easy to use by the users.It also verifies the ease of learning software ,inclding the user documentation.
Configuration Testing: Testing to determine how well the product works with a broad range of hardware/peripheral equipment configurations as well as on different operating systems and software.
Recovery Testing:It is used in verifying software restart capabilties after a disaster.
Security Testing: Testing how well the system protects against unauthorized internal or external access, willful damage, etc; may require sophisticated testing techniques.
Smoke Testing: typically an initial testing effort to determine if a new software version is performing well enough to accept it for a major testing effort. For example, if the new software is crashing systems every 5 minutes, bogging down systems to a crawl, or corrupting databases, the software may not be in a 'sane' enough condition to warrant further testing in its current state.
Alpha Testing: testing of an application when development is nearing completion; minor design changes may still be made as a result of such testing. Typically done by end-users or others, not by programmers or testers.
Beta Testing: testing when development and testing are essentially completed and final bugs and problems need to be found before final release. Typically done by end-users or others, not by programmers or testers.
Load testing - testing an application under heavy loads, such as testing of a web site under a range of loads to determine at what point the system's response time degrades or fails.
Soak Test :-Soak testing is running a system at high levels of load for prolonged periods of time. A soak test would normally execute several times more transactions in an entire day (or night) than would be expected in a busy day, to identify any performance problems that appear after a large number of transactions have been executed.
Compatibility Testing :-Testing used to determine whether other system software components such as browsers, utilities, and competing software will conflict with the software being tested.
Exploratory testing - often taken to mean a creative, informal software test that is not based on formal test plans or test cases; testers may be learning the software as they test it.
Ad-hoc testing - similar to exploratory testing, but often taken to mean that the testers have significant understanding of the software before testing it. A testing phase where the tester tries to 'break' the system by randomly trying the system's functionality.
Context-driven testing - Testing driven by an understanding of the environment, culture, and intended use of software. For example, the testing approach for life-critical medical equipment software would be completely different than that for a low-cost computer game.
Accessibility Testing: Verifying a product is accessible to the people having disabilities (deaf, blind, mentally disabled etc.).

QA and QC

Quality Assurance:QA is a procedure intended to ensure that a product under development meets the requirements.
Quality Control:Quality Control is a procedure intended to ensure that a manufactured product adheres to the requirements.

Static Testing: Static testing normally refers to testing something that is not running. i.e.examining and reviewing it.so it basically involves reviewing the specification documents.The various type of static testing methods are reviews,walkthroughs,peer review etc.
Dynamic Testing: Dynamic testing means running and executing the software.It basically invloves the validation by checking the output by giving a specific set of inputs.
Unit Testing: Unit tesing means testing the individual part of a software.unit is considered as a smallest part of a softwate that can be tested.this is done by the developers.
Integration Testing: Integration testing means testing the intearction between two or more modules.when the output of one module is an input for the other module then integration testing is done so as to check whether they interacts correctly or not.
System Testing: System testing means testing the system as whole.This involves all the functional and non functional requirements.This basically falls within black box testing.This is considered as the most importanty phase of testing.

Black Box Testing:In black box testing ,the tester only knows what the software is supposed to do,he can't look into the box to see that how the system works.He simply gives input and check the output .he does not know how or why it happen .Black box testing is also referred as Functioanl or behavioral testing.

White Box Testing:In white box testing tester can look into the code and can examine it for the tesing purpose.This is also known as clear box testing as tester can look into the box.this type of testing is normally done by the developers.

certifications in software testing

There are various certification programs available for the software testing professional. Basically for software testing there are two ypes of certification programmes.some certification are based on the subject knowledge i.e.how you should maintain the test process and test you ab0ut different testing terms.and ohter are tool based knowledge certification.some of the important testing certifications are:
1)Certifications from International Software Testing Qualification Board, ISTQB
This certification basically involves two levels:Foundation level and Advanced level.Advance level is further divided into Technical Tester,Functional Tester,Test Manager .
2)Certified Software Test Engineer (CSTE)
3)CSTP (Certified Software Test Professional) and CTM (Certified Test Manager):
This certification program is conducted by International Institute for Software Testing, IIST
Tool based certification:
Tools based certification are Mercury/HP product specialist exam and IBM Rational robot,RFT,RPT etc.Basically certification on these tools show that you have got enough expertise in these tools.

Automation Testing Tools

A very large number of automation tools are available for automation testing like mercury/HP tools and IBM rational tools.Quick test Proffesional(QTP) ,winrunner ,rational functional tester are some very good functional testing tools while Loadrunner can be used for performance testing.Although all the tools have their different scripting language but one thing that is common in all these tools is that all of them are based on playback technology.

Types of Testing

Normally testing is divided into two types:
1)Manual Testing:Testing is done manually by the people.
2)Automation Testing:Testing is done with the help of some automation tools.
Well normally testing takes a lot of manual effort as it is not possible to cover all the testing by automation tools.So a user should have good analytical skills so as to know what to test and how to test in minimum possible time.But when we need to do some testing on different set of test data then its better to use some automation tools.automation tools are based on the record and playback funda that helps a lot in the regression testing.

Testing

Software Testing :Testing is a procedure to find the completeness,correctness,and quality of the developed software.Testing is a process of executing a software with the intent of finding the bugs.Testing is the one of the essential part of software life cycle.Normally People think that testing is not a challenging job,but in the current comptetive market looking at the risk associated with products ,software testing plays very important role.Sometimes Companies have to suffer a lot of losses because of the lack of proper testing.